In recent decades, due to the science and technology are developed so rapidly, many intelligent materials appear to serve the complicated requirements in engineering practice such as functionally graded materials (FGMs), piezoelectrics, electroactive polymers, magnetostrictive, and shape memory alloys, in which functionally graded materials are one of the most important and popular structures, which are used and considered widely by scientists worldwide. Numerical investigations are the important basis for calculating and designing related materials and structures in technical practice. There are many meanings that have not been mentioned by any work, especially the working performance of the structure is better than that when the feedback parameter of the piezoelectric component is added, that is, the piezoelectric layer increases the working efficiency. The geometrical and material study is conducted to evaluate the effects of the feedback coefficients, volume fraction parameter, and constraint conditions on the static and dynamic behaviors of piezoelectric bidirectional functionally graded structures, and this work presents a wide variety of static and dynamic behaviors of the plate with many interesting results. The present approach and mechanical model are confirmed through the verification examples. The final forging temperature of billet increases and the forming load decreases with the increasing the forging speed.This work is the first exploration of the static bending and dynamic response analyses of piezoelectric bidirectional functionally graded plates by combining the third-order shear deformation theory of Reddy and the finite element approach, which can numerically model mechanical relations of the structure. The simulation results show that the core pure aluminum has bigger deformation in the middle part and extruding the steel ring forming part of the teeth. The FE simulation was carried out and the metal forming characteristic and flow law were analyzed. The heated steel-aluminum billet was deformed under biaxial forging pressure. The steel outer ring formed the teeth of the spur gear and heated 1000☌, while the aluminum core formed the center of the spur gear and heated 400☌. 20CrMnTi steel and pure aluminum are selected as the materials of the outer ring and core cylinder, respectively. Billet was designed into two parts-core cylinder and outer ring. To study the material forming characteristic and deformation law during dual directional hot forging (DDHF) of the steel-aluminum spur gear, a thermo-mechanical coupled finite element model (FEM) was built using DEFORM-3D software.

Element 3d v2 deform direction